Lot
Number
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: |
J000072 |
Lot
Title |
: |
Jade Carving of Weng Zhong (Guardian) |
Date
of Origin |
: |
Song Dynasty |
Country
of Origin |
: |
China |
Material
|
: |
Jade |
Measurements |
: |
Length: 11.2 cm Width:2.7 cm |
Lot
Quantity |
: |
1 |
Estimate |
: |
|
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Description:
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Description (guaranteed):
This is a very special jade Weng Zhong. The size is larger than ordinary one, and the back of the jade is in cone shape. Further more, the back and the top of the head infiltrated with greenish patina. Some one said the cone shape of the Weng Zhong is used for massage and press acupuncture point, some other people saif this could be for hair pin, but I doubt it.
According to its patina and weathering phenomena, most of people said this piece is at least from Song or even earlier dynasty. If I take a more conservative to say its from Ming, I don't think any one could challenge that. However, I do believe it's older than Ming.
The collector sold me this Weng Zhong said many other people are also interested in this piece but couldn't reach a deal. I finally own this great guardian to protect peace and prevent accident. |
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Condition
and Additional Specification: |
Condition: Some nature pitting to jade
翁仲何許人也?為什麼人們對他如此厚愛?傳說秦代阮翁仲身高一丈三尺,臂力過人,武藝超群,是秦始皇的主要衛士,生前屢建戰功。死後,秦始皇為在精神上求得他的保護,下令用銅鑄成其形象置於咸陽宮司馬門外。
在漢代,也有用玉琢成如同嬰兒小指那麼大小的玉翁仲,將它掛在腰間,以求平安消災的。漢代以後,人們於墓前置放石雕翁仲,以此作辟邪護墓之用。就這樣翁仲由衛士成了護衛神。
真正出土及傳世的漢代玉翁仲,可謂鳳毛麟角,極為罕見。漢代玉翁仲造型凝煉,琢磨疏簡,藝人通過豐富的想像力,運用抽象的表現手法,將臉部五官僅用三條短音可先刻劃出來。個別的翁仲也有用六道陰線刻出眉、眼、鼻、嘴,如廣陵王墓出土那件。而漢代玉人臉部的眉、眼、鼻、嘴均雕刻細緻,這是區分漢代翁仲和玉人的主要依據。
漢代玉翁仲本是一個年輕的小夥子形象,然而後仿者未能見過真品的造型,誤將翁仲理解為老人。
同時,在明代一些氣勢博大的陵墓前,如北京十三陵、南京明孝陵,均置有石雕文官、武將、石馬、石狩。其中石雕文官就成了明清時期仿製者的藍本,在這基礎上做出的漢翁仲像,便是頭戴前低後高臺階式的官帽,留著三角形的鬍鬚,身穿寬袖大袍,足踏高履的老文官。有的還可出雙手捧著明代式樣的玉圭。可謂是明代陵墓前石雕文官的翻版。但是值得注意的是,為仿效“漢八刀”的雕刻法,其臉部五官也僅用三刀表現出來。
“漢八刀”是漢代玉雕工藝手法的俗稱,即根據器物形態,採用簡練的線條進行刻畫,運用推、琢、磨、刻等雕琢技法,刀法粗獷有力,剛勁挺拔,其代表作是玉豬、玉蟬、玉翁仲。
由於漢代玉翁仲傳世極少,因此,也最易混淆不清,現將鑒別真偽玉翁仲的要點,分析對比如下:
漢代玉翁仲
造型:
1. 青年人的臉相。
2. 頭頂髮髻微凸
3. 兩袖狹窄,雙手作相入袖內狀。
色澤:包漿滋潤,玉光內蘊。
尺寸:高約3公分,頭小身材纖細。
琢磨:全身陰刻線條,纖細而有力。陰刻線,前身7-8刀,後身亦如此,刻法簡練。
洞眼:身體腰間橫打洞眼,明清二代仿品無此種打洞法。洞眼外大內小,俗稱“馬蹄眼”或稱“隔門眼”。洞眼內有明顯的螺旋紋。
贗品:
造型:
1.老年人臉相,頜下三角狀,表示鬍鬚,長而且多。
2.頭戴前低後高,臺階式的官帽。
3.寬袖大袍,雙袖對稱。
色澤:火氣充溢,極光外射。
尺寸高矮不一,頭大身材粗壯。
全身陰刻線條粗寬而清晰,一般前後身共8-10刀,能儘量符合“漢八刀”要求。
洞眼從頭頂直穿腳底,此類打眼法,很多是用舊玉管改制。特點是洞眼較大。頭頂洞眼小,腳底洞眼大,此類打眼法是用舊玉煙嘴改制為多。洞眼從頭頂穿入,從二袖底下穿出,作“人字狀”打眼法,大都是清代仿製品。
南京文物局 |